ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛНА ПОСТАНОВКА ЗА ИЗМЕРВАНЕ НА ЕДНОПОСОЧНИ ПАКЕТНИ ЗАКЪСНЕНИЯ В SMART GRID ШИРОКООБХВАТНИ СИСТЕМИ ЗА НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ БАЗИРАНИ НА IEEE C37.118
Ключови думи :
еднопосочни пакетни закъснения, експериментална постановка, широкообхватни системи за наблюдение, синхрофазорни комуникацииАбстракт
С появата на Smart Grid технологиите, широкообхватните системи за наблюдение показват потенциал за осигуряване на надеждността на електроенергийните системи чрез централизирано събиране на данни в реално време на стотици или хиляди километри. Стриктните изисквания на тези системи за еднопосочни закъснения в рамките на 20 ms налагат редица предизвикателства пред точното им измерване. В тази статия е предложена експериментална постановка за измерване на еднопосочни пакетни закъснения в широкообхватни системи за наблюдение. Постановката е базирана на синхронизация на системни часовници посредством GPS приемници и NTP сървъри. С цел да бъде оценена и ограничена грешката при измерване са проведени два експеримента в съответствие със стандарта RFC 2679 на IETF. Резултатите показват ниски относителни грешки и позволяват точно докладване на измерените стойности за еднопосочни закъснения.
Сваляния
Данните за свалянията все още не са налични.
Литература (библиография)
[1] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 3.0”, NIST Special Publication 1108r3, Jan. 2014.
[2] International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), “Deliverable on Smart Grid Architecture”, Smart-O-33 Rev.6, Dec. 2011.
[3] European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), “Applicability of M2M architecture to Smart Grid Networks; Impact of Smart Grids on M2M platform“, TR 102 935 V2.1.1, Sept. 2012.
[4] Almes G., S. Kalidindi and M. Zekauskas, “A One-way Delay Metric for IPPM”, IETF RFC 2679, Sept. 1999.
[5] Paxson V., G. Almes, J. Mahdavi and M. Mathis, “Framework for IP Performance Metrics”, IETF RFC 2330, May 1998.
[6] IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor Measurements for Power Systems, IEEE Std. C37.118.1-2011, Dec. 2011.
[7] IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems, IEEE Std. C37.118.2–2011, Dec. 2011.
[8] Paolone M., M. Pignati, P. Romano, S. Sarri, L. Zanni and R. Cherkaoui, “A Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Platform for the Real-Time State Estimation of Active Distribution Networks using Phasor Measurement Units”, Proc. 2013 Cigre SC6 Colloquium, pp.92-97, Yokohama, Japan, 6-9 Oct. 2013.
[9] Khan R., J. Khan, “Wide Area PMU Communication over a WiMAX Network in the Smart Grids”, Proc. 3rd Int. Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm’2012), pp.187–192, Tainan, Taiwan, 5-8 Nov. 2012.
[10] Katsaros K. V., B. Yang, W. K. Chai and G. Pavlou, “Low Latency Communication Infrastructure for Synchrophasor Applications in Distribution Networks”, Proc. 5th IEEE Int. Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm’2014), pp.392–397, Venice, Italy, 3-6 Nov. 2014.
[11] ITU-T Rec. Y.1541 “Network performance objectives for IP-based services”, Dec. 2011.
[12] Mills D., U. Delaware, J. Martin, J. Burbank and W. Kasch, “Network Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms Specification”, IETF RFC 5905, June 2010.
[13] Almes G., S. Kalidindi and M. Zekauskas, “A Round-trip Delay Metric for IPPM”, IETF RFC 2681, Sept. 1999.
[14] National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA), NMEA 0183 Standard v.4.0, Nov. 2008.
[15] Garmin International, Inc, “GPS 16x Technical Specifications”, 190-00228-08, Revision B, Sept. 2008, online:
http://static.garmincdn.com/pumac/GPS16x_TechnicalSpecifications.pdf
[16] Mills D., “A Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping”, RFC 1589, Mar. 1994.
[17] Mogul J., D. Mills, J. Brittenson, J. Stone and U. Windl, “Pulse-Per-Second API for UNIX-like Operating Systems, Version 1.0”, RFC 2783, Mar. 2000.
[18] gpsd — a GPS service daemon, online: http://www.catb.org/gpsd/.
[19] Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM), JCGM 200:2012, Beuth Verlag, 3rd ed., 2008.
[20] gpspipe.1 client, http://www.catb.org/gpsd/gpspipe.html
[21] Hens F. J., J. M. Caballero, Triple Play: Building the converged network for IP, VoIP and IPTV, Wiley Press, 2008.
[22] Cottrell L., W. Matthews, “PingER Calibration and Context”, Stanford University, Apr. 1999, online: https://www.slac.stanford.edu/comp/net/wan-mon/error.html
[23] Dart E., “Increasing Information Flow between PDCs”, white paper, Sandia National Laboratories, Dec. 2000.
[24] Pandit N., and K. Khandeparkar, “Design and Implementation of IEEE C37.118 based Phasor Data Concentrator & PMU Simulator for Wide Area Measurement System”, Technical Report, May 2012, online: http://ipdc.codeplex.com/
[2] International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), “Deliverable on Smart Grid Architecture”, Smart-O-33 Rev.6, Dec. 2011.
[3] European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), “Applicability of M2M architecture to Smart Grid Networks; Impact of Smart Grids on M2M platform“, TR 102 935 V2.1.1, Sept. 2012.
[4] Almes G., S. Kalidindi and M. Zekauskas, “A One-way Delay Metric for IPPM”, IETF RFC 2679, Sept. 1999.
[5] Paxson V., G. Almes, J. Mahdavi and M. Mathis, “Framework for IP Performance Metrics”, IETF RFC 2330, May 1998.
[6] IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor Measurements for Power Systems, IEEE Std. C37.118.1-2011, Dec. 2011.
[7] IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems, IEEE Std. C37.118.2–2011, Dec. 2011.
[8] Paolone M., M. Pignati, P. Romano, S. Sarri, L. Zanni and R. Cherkaoui, “A Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Platform for the Real-Time State Estimation of Active Distribution Networks using Phasor Measurement Units”, Proc. 2013 Cigre SC6 Colloquium, pp.92-97, Yokohama, Japan, 6-9 Oct. 2013.
[9] Khan R., J. Khan, “Wide Area PMU Communication over a WiMAX Network in the Smart Grids”, Proc. 3rd Int. Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm’2012), pp.187–192, Tainan, Taiwan, 5-8 Nov. 2012.
[10] Katsaros K. V., B. Yang, W. K. Chai and G. Pavlou, “Low Latency Communication Infrastructure for Synchrophasor Applications in Distribution Networks”, Proc. 5th IEEE Int. Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm’2014), pp.392–397, Venice, Italy, 3-6 Nov. 2014.
[11] ITU-T Rec. Y.1541 “Network performance objectives for IP-based services”, Dec. 2011.
[12] Mills D., U. Delaware, J. Martin, J. Burbank and W. Kasch, “Network Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms Specification”, IETF RFC 5905, June 2010.
[13] Almes G., S. Kalidindi and M. Zekauskas, “A Round-trip Delay Metric for IPPM”, IETF RFC 2681, Sept. 1999.
[14] National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA), NMEA 0183 Standard v.4.0, Nov. 2008.
[15] Garmin International, Inc, “GPS 16x Technical Specifications”, 190-00228-08, Revision B, Sept. 2008, online:
http://static.garmincdn.com/pumac/GPS16x_TechnicalSpecifications.pdf
[16] Mills D., “A Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping”, RFC 1589, Mar. 1994.
[17] Mogul J., D. Mills, J. Brittenson, J. Stone and U. Windl, “Pulse-Per-Second API for UNIX-like Operating Systems, Version 1.0”, RFC 2783, Mar. 2000.
[18] gpsd — a GPS service daemon, online: http://www.catb.org/gpsd/.
[19] Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM), JCGM 200:2012, Beuth Verlag, 3rd ed., 2008.
[20] gpspipe.1 client, http://www.catb.org/gpsd/gpspipe.html
[21] Hens F. J., J. M. Caballero, Triple Play: Building the converged network for IP, VoIP and IPTV, Wiley Press, 2008.
[22] Cottrell L., W. Matthews, “PingER Calibration and Context”, Stanford University, Apr. 1999, online: https://www.slac.stanford.edu/comp/net/wan-mon/error.html
[23] Dart E., “Increasing Information Flow between PDCs”, white paper, Sandia National Laboratories, Dec. 2000.
[24] Pandit N., and K. Khandeparkar, “Design and Implementation of IEEE C37.118 based Phasor Data Concentrator & PMU Simulator for Wide Area Measurement System”, Technical Report, May 2012, online: http://ipdc.codeplex.com/
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Публикуван
2016-03-30
Брой
Раздел (Секция)
Компютърни науки и комуникации - рецензирани публикации. ISSN: 1314-7846
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ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛНА ПОСТАНОВКА ЗА ИЗМЕРВАНЕ НА ЕДНОПОСОЧНИ ПАКЕТНИ ЗАКЪСНЕНИЯ В SMART GRID ШИРОКООБХВАТНИ СИСТЕМИ ЗА НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ БАЗИРАНИ НА IEEE C37.118. (2016). КОМПЮТЪРНИ НАУКИ И КОМУНИКАЦИИ, 5(1), 28-38. https://csc.bfu.bg/index.php/CSC/article/view/73
